Puritan Spiritual Advisor, Religious Reformer, Midwife and mother of 11 children. A key figure
in the history of religious freedom in England’s American colonies and the history of women in ministry who challenged the authority of the ministers.
Anne Hutchinson was born in Alford, Lincolnshire, England, and was the daughter of Francis Marbury, an Anglican cleric and school teacher, who gave her a far superior education than that of most other girls of her day.
She resided in London as a young adult, while there, she married William Hutchinson (1586-1641), he was a judge (chief magistrate) in the Colonial era settlement at Portsmouth on the Island of Aquidneck, which is now known as Rhode Island.
The couple moved back to Alford, Lincolnshire and began following preacher John Cotton. Cotton was compelled to emigrate to the New World in 1633, and the Hutchinson’s and their 11 children followed him shortly thereafter.
Soon they became well established in the growing settlement of Boston in New England. Anne Hutchinson became a Midwife and was helpful to the women needing her assistance, as well as forthcoming with her personal religious understandings. She began hosting a weekly meeting in her house to deliver sermons and teaching the women about Christianity. She became so popular even men started joining her meetings, including Henry Vane, the young governor of the colony.
It wasn’t long before her reformation teachings started ruffling the feathers of the male religious leaders of the day. Her strong religious convictions and intense delivery shook the established Puritan clergy to the core. Her obvious intellectual acumen, as well as her popularity and charisma, created a deep divide that threatened to destroy the Puritans’ religious community in New England.
She began to accuse the local ministers (except Cotton and her husband’s brother-in-law John Wheelwright) of preaching a covenant of “works” rather than a covenant of “grace”. Many of the ministers began to complain about her increasingly blatant accusations, as well as certain unorthodox theological teachings, according to them.
The grumbling eventually erupted into what is commonly called the Antinomian Controversy, culminating in her trial, conviction and banishment from the colony. Followed by a church trial, in March 1638, in which she was put out of her congregation.
Tried, Convicted and Banished!
She was eventually tried and convicted, then banished from the colony with many of her supporters.
Hutchinson and many of her supporters established a settlement of Portsmouth with encouragement from Providence Plantations founder Roger Williams in what became the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
After her husband’s death a few years later, in 1641, threats of Massachusetts taking over Rhode Island compelled Hutchinson to move totally outside the reach of Boston into the lands of the Dutch. Five of her older surviving children remained in New England, while she settled with her younger children near an ancient landmark, Split Rock, in what later became The Bronx in New York city.
Tensions were high during the Kieft’s War with the Siwanoy Indian tribe, and in August 1643 Hutchinson, her 6 children and other members of the household were massacred by the Siwanoys.
The only survivor Susanna (Hutchinson) Cole
The only survivor being her nine-year-old daughter Susanna, who was taken captive. There are two accounts of her salvation, one was that she had red hair, and that spared her from slaughter, and the other is that she was picking blueberries some distance from the house and hid in the crevice at Split Rock. Either way, she was taken captive and held for several years. Sources say she had a son while in captivity to Siwanoy sachem Wampage I. Believed to be her mothers’ murderer. The child Ninham-Wampage would later become known as Wampage II.
She would eventually marry John Cole in Boston on December 30, 1651. John Cole was the son of a Boston innkeeper Samuel Cole, who is credited with establishing the first tavern in 1634.
Anne Hutchinson is honored by Massachusetts with a State House monument calling her a “courageous exponent of civil liberty and religious toleration”
Often referred to as the “most famous – or infamous – English woman in colonial American history.